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新能源汽车优缺点剖析

2019-11-18

在国家和政府大力扶持和发展新能源的力度下,新能源产业可谓是以迅雷不及掩耳之势突飞猛进的向前进展。单独摇号、专用号牌、免购置税……近年来坐享众多政策红利的新能源车可谓风光无限,销量成倍增长。2017年我国新能源汽车产销量分别达到79.4万辆和77.7万辆,已经连续三年位居世界第一位,累计保有量达到180万辆,占全球市场保有量的50%以上。发展新能源汽车是全世界各个国家的共同目标,不同国家的愿景不同,中国发展新能源汽车的愿景是“从汽车大国走向汽车强国”。下面一起看下新能源汽车有哪些优缺点吧。

新能源汽车有哪些优缺点——分类

燃料电池汽车:绿色环保,但设备重体积大

燃料电池汽车使用燃料电池产生氢气,氢气与大气中的氧气发生化学反应,产生电能驱动汽车行驶。燃料电池的反应会产生极度少量的二氧化碳和氮氧化物,这类化学反应产物除了电能外,主要副产品是水,因此被称为绿色新能源汽车。

现阶段,燃料电池汽车的缺点在于设备重体积大。启动时间长并需提高系统耐振性:由于氢气的关系,密封性要求相当高,相对而言若发生事故危险性较大。

注:燃料电池是一种将存在于燃料与氧化剂中的化学能直接转化为电能的发电装置。燃料和空气分别送进燃料电池,电就被奇妙地生产出来。它从外表上看有正负极和电解质等,像一个蓄电池,但实质上它不能“储电”而是一个“发电厂”。

纯电动汽车:清洁实惠,但能源补充是硬伤

纯电动汽车像手机充电一样,使用插电模式充电(使用外部电源,通过变压器和电缆对汽车电池充电的模式)。优点是电能清洁实惠,电动机扭矩大、加速快、噪音低;缺点是能源补充依赖硬件设施。(扭矩是使物体发生转动的一种特殊的力矩,在功率固定的条件下它与发动机转速成反比关系,转速越快扭矩越小,它反映了汽车在一定范围内的负载能力。)

举例而言,目前世界上顶尖的纯电动汽车如果采用普通家庭电路充电,充满需要7小时以上;若使用造价高达10万美的专用充电桩,充满则需1-2个小时。按照这种汽车实测的满电状态250-300公里的巡航里程看,在城市里代步是可以的,每晚都能充电。中长途的自驾游就有点勉强了,一天只开300公里,晚上还要找地方充电,做不到传统燃油汽车的“日行千里”。更不可能开着它去新疆西藏罗布泊,因为沿途连汽油都不一定买得到,更不要说充电啦。

油电混动汽车:将浪费的能源转为电能

最后说油电混动汽车。它是指以燃油和电能共同作为动力的汽车,堪称目前新能源汽车中最实用、最接地气的成员。很多人认为“混动”将是汽车技术未来几十年的发展趋势。

油电混动汽车以电动机作为内燃机的辅助动力来共同驱动汽车。这项技术燃油经济性高,机械性能更强劲。与同级别的汽车相比,燃油费用更低。电动机由于其物理特性,在启动时产生的扭矩远大于内燃机,拥有更强劲的起步和加速性能。

统的内燃机汽车,能源有效利用率是较低的。由于传统内燃机四冲程的设计结构,在80%以上的道路条件下,一辆普通轿车仅利用了燃油动力(燃烧所释放热能)的40%,在市区还会跌至25%。也就是说只有25%-40%释放出来的热能被转化为机械能做功,驱动车辆前进。油电混动技术,就是旨在把被浪费的能量收集起来变成电能,通过电动机提供给汽车作为第二动力。

新能源汽车有哪些优缺点——优点

1,地球能源结构促使新能源汽车的发展。目前石油依然是能源的主力,但是能源枯竭也是人类不得不面临的问题,所以新能源汽车必将占领市场。

2,环境污染,我国虽然雾霾并不是由汽车造成的,但是汽机车造成的空气污染也不可忽视,而干净、清洁的新能源汽车可以避免这样的问题,所以新能源汽车发展前景非常好。

3,国家政策,目前国家估计发展新能源汽车,对于新能源汽车采取补贴的形式,2018新补贴政策重在于估计300公里以上续航的新能源汽车,在国家政策的推动下,新能源汽车将快速发展。

4,行驶成本,新能源汽车在行驶过程中,综合1公里只需要0.1元,相比燃油车节约90%之多,很大程度降低了有车一族的生活成本,所以新能源汽车在市场表现将会越来越好。

新能源汽车有哪些优缺点——缺点

蓄电池单位重量储存的能量太少,还因电动车的电池较贵,又没形成经济规模,故购买价格较贵,至于使用成本,有些使用价格比汽车贵,有些价格仅为汽车的1/3,这主要取决于电池的寿命及当地的油、电价格。

其实说实在的,小编还是觉得新能源汽车这块,从长远看还是利远远大于弊的。目前世界各大国,都出台了燃油车退出市场的时间表,以动力电池的驱动的纯电动汽车将是市场和技术发展的主流,我国各大主流车厂都在纯电动汽车领域进行发力,在国内这一块做的比较好的比亚迪北汽、东风、东风俊风等,其中东风E70 600 续航达到500KM。燃油车经过100多年的发展,从技术层面来说已经快要到顶了,而新能源汽车相对来说,结构简单,技术壁垒不高,国家也大力鼓励厂的进行技术研发和创新,所以这将是我国在汽车领域进行弯道超车的最好机会。希望大家可以喜欢小编分享的关于新能源汽车有哪些优缺点的全部内容。


Under the efforts of the state and the government to vigorously support and develop new energy sources, the new energy industry can be said to be progressing by leaps and bounds. Separate rocking numbers, special number plates, and exemption from taxation... In recent years, new energy vehicles with many policy dividends have been shown to be infinitely beautiful, and sales have doubled. In 2017, the production and sales volume of new energy vehicles in China reached 794,000 and 777,000, respectively. It has ranked first in the world for three consecutive years, with a cumulative holding of 1.8 million, accounting for more than 50% of the global market. The development of new energy vehicles is the common goal of all countries in the world. The vision of different countries is different. The vision of China to develop new energy vehicles is to from a big car country to a car power. Lets take a look at the advantages and disadvantages of new energy vehicles.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of new energy vehicles?

Fuel cell vehicle: green, but the equipment is heavy and bulky

Fuel cell vehicles use fuel cells to generate hydrogen, which reacts chemically with oxygen in the atmosphere to produce electricity to drive the car. The reaction of the fuel cell produces an extremely small amount of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides. The main by-product of this kind of chemical reaction product is water, which is called green new energy vehicle.

At this stage, the disadvantage of fuel cell vehicles is that they are heavy and bulky. Long starting time and need to improve the systems vibration resistance: due to the relationship between hydrogen, the sealing requirements are quite high, relatively speaking, the risk of accidents is relatively large.

Note: A fuel cell is a power generation device that directly converts chemical energy present in fuel and oxidant into electrical energy. Fuel and air are fed into the fuel cell separately, and the electricity is wonderfully produced. It looks like a positive and negative electrode and electrolyte, like a battery, but in fact it cant storage electricity but a power plant.

Pure electric car: clean and affordable, but energy supplement is a bad injury

A pure electric car, like a mobile phone, is charged in plug-in mode (using an external power supply, charging the car battery through a transformer and cable). The advantage is that the electric energy is clean and affordable, the motor has large torque, fast acceleration and low noise; the disadvantage is that the energy supplement depends on the hardware facilities. (Torque is a special kind of torque that causes the object to rotate. It is inversely proportional to the engine speed under the condition of fixed power. The faster the speed, the smaller the torque, which reflects the load capacity of the car within a certain range.)

For example, at present, the worlds top pure electric vehicles need more than 7 hours to charge if they are charged by ordinary household circuits. If they use a dedicated charging pile with a cost of up to 100,000 US dollars, it takes 1-2 hours to fill. According to the cruising range of 250-300 km of the fully-charged state of the car, it is ok to travel in the city and charge every night. The long-distance self-driving tour is a bit reluctant, only 300 kilometers a day, and at night to find a place to charge, can not do the traditional fuel car days and miles. It is even more impossible to drive it to Lop Nur in Xinjiang, Tibet, because even petrol is not necessarily available along the way, let alone charging.

Hybrid electric vehicles: converting waste energy into electric energy

Finally, the oil and gas hybrid car. It refers to a car powered by fuel and electric energy. It is the most practical and grounded member of the current new energy vehicle. Many people think that hybrid will be the development trend of automotive technology in the coming decades.

The hybrid electric vehicle uses the electric motor as an auxiliary power of the internal combustion engine to jointly drive the automobile. This technology is fuel efficient and mechanically stronger. Fuel costs are lower compared to cars of the same class. Due to its physical characteristics, the motor produces much more torque at start-up than the internal combustion engine, with more robust start and acceleration performance.

For internal combustion engine vehicles, energy efficiency is low. Due to the four-stroke design of the traditional internal combustion engine, in more than 80% of the road conditions, an ordinary car only uses 40% of fuel power (heat energy released by combustion), and will fall to 25% in urban areas. That is to say, only 25%-40% of the released thermal energy is converted into mechanical energy to do work, driving the vehicle forward. Hybrid technology is designed to collect the wasted energy into electrical energy and provide it to the car as a second power through the electric motor.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of new energy vehicles - advantages

1. The earths energy structure has prompted the development of new energy vehicles. At present, oil is still the main force of energy, but energy depletion is also a problem that human beings have to face, so new energy vehicles will certainly occupy the market.

2, environmental pollution, although the smog is not caused by cars in China, but the air pollution caused by steam locomotives can not be ignored, and clean, clean new energy vehicles can avoid such problems, so the development prospects of new energy vehicles is very good.

3. National policy. At present, the state estimates the development of new energy vehicles. In the form of subsidies for new energy vehicles, the new 2018 subsidy policy focuses on new energy vehicles with an estimated life of more than 300 kilometers. Under the promotion of national policies, new energy vehicles will be fast. development of.

4, driving costs, new energy vehicles in the process of driving, the integration of 1 km only 0.1 yuan, compared with fuel vehicles saving 90%, greatly reducing the cost of living for car owners, so the performance of new energy vehicles in the market It will be getting better and better.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of new energy vehicles?

The energy stored in the unit weight of the battery is too small. Because the battery of the electric vehicle is expensive and does not form an economic scale, the purchase price is relatively expensive. As for the use cost, some of the use price is more expensive than the car, and some prices are only 1/3 of the car. This depends mainly on the battery life and the local oil and electricity prices.

In fact, to be honest, Xiao Bian still thinks that the new energy vehicle is far more profitable than the disadvantages in the long run. At present, all major countries in the world have issued timetables for fuel vehicles to exit the market. Pure electric vehicles driven by power batteries will be the mainstream of market and technology development. All major automobile manufacturers in China are making efforts in the field of pure electric vehicles. This is a good domestic BYD, Beiqi, Dongfeng, Dongfeng Junfeng, etc., of which Dongfeng E70 600 has a battery life of 500KM. After more than 100 years of development, the fuel vehicle is almost at the top of the technical level. The new energy vehicle is relatively simple in structure and technical barriers. The state also strongly encourages manufacturers to carry out technological research and development and innovation, so this will be China has the best chance of overtaking in the automotive field. I hope that everyone can enjoy the full content of the advantages and disadvantages of new energy vehicles shared by Xiaobian.