边走边充

　　该项目的负责人路易·杜帕斯基尔表示，在正式应用于上千公里的道路之前，该系统将在封闭道路进行内测。据称，这种无线充电系统可以有效降低86%的汽车排放量。

　　不过，这条无线充电公路在初始阶段只为商用电动车队提供充电服务，法国计划到2035年完成铺设9000公里的无线充电道路，最终目标是在法国所有公路上部署ERS（电动公路系统），以实现客运、货运和重型卡车行业的去碳化，并支持所有类型的电动汽车在法国开放式公路上行驶时无缝充电。

　　深度科技研究院院长张孝荣对北京商报记者表示，给电动车无线充电原理类似给手机无线充电技术，都是基于电磁感应原理实现。给电动车无线充电的好处主要是方便，相较于有线充电，无线充电具有自动化充电能力，无需担心寻找充电桩排队，也不必插拔充电线，一旦普及，可以节省电池成本。

　　IPG中国首席经济学家柏文喜也表示，从技术上来说，给电动车无线充电是可行的。无线充电技术已经存在多年，可以通过电磁感应或者电磁辐射等方式将电能传输到电动车的电池中。

　　大势所趋

　　西门子充电基础设施预开发和创新主管斯蒂芬·佩拉斯曾说：“未来，电动汽车无线充电将成为主流。除了让充电变得更加便利，无线充电也是实现无人驾驶的必要条件之一。”美国无线充电技术公司WiTricity的调查还发现，电动车具有无线充电功能的情况下，消费者对其的购买意向从35%提高到59%。

　　因此，各大车企并不排斥引入无线充电技术。2018年，上汽荣威Marvel X成为世界上第一款搭载无线充电系统的纯电动量产车型。同年7月，宝马推出具备无线充电功能的的量产车型530Le插电混动车，系统充电功率为3.2kW，系统效率85%，可在3.5小时内完成9.4kWh的充电。

　　行业龙头特斯拉自然也不甘落后。在今年3月份的投资者日活动上，特斯拉就放出了一页Model S采用无线充电的PPT，当时就有业内人士认为，特斯拉将要推出无线充电模式。另据美国汽车新闻网站Electrek日前报道，特斯拉有意收购德国小型无线充电初创公司Wiferio。

　　事实上，这类技术早就有研究。早在2015年，我国南方电网广西电力科学研究院率先建成了国内第一条电动汽车无线充电车道，填补了国内移动式无线充电示范工程空白。

　　“车辆在无线充电车道上行驶1个小时可充电60度，3小时即可充满一辆大型电动公交车。”南方电网广西电力科学研究院无线传能技术专家吴晓锐介绍，该项目实现了功率效率的全面提升，额定输出功率达到60千瓦，充电效率也达到82.7%，这在电动汽车移动式无线充电领域均处于国内领先水平。

　　此外，日本开始测试为电动汽车提供无线充电动力的路面，目标是到2025年拥有实用技术。还有媒体称，瑞典也决定于2025年开通世界上第一条永久性电气化公路。

　　基于无感充电的良好体验，汽车无线充电市场也是一片蓝海。根据全球市场研究机构Markets and Markets此前发布的报告，全球电动汽车无线充电市场规模将从2020年的1600万美元增至2027年的2.34亿美元，年复合增长率将达46.8%。

　　道阻且长

　　电动车无线充电虽然有着不少优势，但规模化仍有一定的困难。因为大规模铺设无线充电设备的成本高昂，且后期维护成本较高。有人认为，这并不是推广电动车的一个好方法。

　　张孝荣指出，目前给电动车无线充电在大面积推广上还存在一些难点。“第一，太贵：无线充电道路和充电设备的基础建设成本高，每公里造价100万美元，长里程难以覆盖。此外，后期的维护和更新也需要耗费相当的资源和费用。第二，太乱：由于不同品牌和型号的电动车太多，充电方式和接收装置的差异较大，因此需要统一标准，以确保无线充电兼容各种类型的电动车。第三，辐射：无线充电系统需要确保充电时的电磁辐射和其他安全隐患得到充分考虑和控制，以避免对人体和环境产生不良影响。”

　　据了解，英国公交运营商FirstBus在推进车队电动化的过程中，曾经考虑过采用无线充电技术，但考察之后发现该技术过于昂贵，每个地面充电板供应商报价7万英镑。而对于目前推出的公路无线充电，则成本更高，难以大面积覆盖。

　　柏文喜也指出，无线充电设备的成本较高，需要在道路上铺设特殊的电磁感应线圈或电磁辐射设备，这需要大量的投资。此外，无线充电设备的维护成本也较高，需要定期检修和维护设备的正常运行。而由于无线充电设备需要与电动车的电池进行匹配，不同型号的电动车可能需要不同的充电设备，这也增加了推广的难度。

　　柏文喜认为，汽车无线充电如果想推广，需要克服成本和维护问题，并解决不同型号电动车的兼容性，才能实现无线充电的大规模应用。

After battery swapping and overcharging, wireless charging for electric vehicles is quietly ushering in a new trend. Just like mobile phones that can be wirelessly charged, France has built a highway that can wirelessly charge electric vehicles, allowing them to charge both while driving and when stationary. From alleviating charging anxiety to improving the charging experience, it can be foreseen that the era of sensorless charging is gradually approaching. However, the high cost is a challenge that promotion cannot avoid.
Charging while walking
The project leader Louis Dupaskill stated that the system will undergo internal testing on closed roads before it is officially applied to thousands of kilometers of roads. It is said that this wireless charging system can effectively reduce car emissions by 86%.
However, in the initial stage, this wireless charging road only provided charging services for commercial electric fleets. France plans to complete the construction of 9000 kilometers of wireless charging roads by 2035, with the ultimate goal of deploying ERS (Electric Highway System) on all roads in France to achieve decarbonization in the passenger, freight, and heavy-duty truck industries, and to support seamless charging of all types of electric vehicles while driving on open roads in France.
Zhang Xiaorong, President of the Deep Science and Technology Research Institute, told Beijing Business Daily that the principle of wireless charging electric vehicles is similar to that of wireless charging technology for mobile phones, which is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. The main advantage of wireless charging for electric vehicles is convenience. Compared with wired charging, wireless charging has the ability of automatic charging. There is no need to worry about finding a Charging station to queue up, and there is no need to plug or unplug charging wires. Once popular, it can save battery costs.
IPG China Chief Economist Bai Wenxi also stated that technically speaking, wireless charging of electric vehicles is feasible. Wireless charging technology has existed for many years and can transmit electrical energy to the batteries of electric vehicles through electromagnetic induction or radiation.

The general trend
Stephen Pellas, Director of Pre Development and Innovation for Siemens Charging Infrastructure, once said, "In the future, wireless charging for electric vehicles will become mainstream. In addition to making charging more convenient, wireless charging is also one of the necessary conditions for achieving autonomous driving." A survey by American wireless charging technology company WiTricity also found that when electric vehicles have wireless charging function, consumers' purchase intention for them has increased from 35% to 59%.
Therefore, major car companies do not reject the introduction of wireless charging technology. In 2018, SAIC Roewe Marvel X became the world's first mass-produced pure electric vehicle equipped with a wireless charging system. In July of the same year, BMW launched a mass-produced 530Le plug-in hybrid car with wireless charging function. The system charging power is 3.2kW, the system efficiency is 85%, and it can complete 9.4kWh of charging in 3.5 hours.
Industry leader Tesla is naturally not willing to fall behind. At the Investor Day event in March this year, Tesla released a Model S PPT featuring wireless charging. At that time, some industry insiders believed that Tesla was about to launch a wireless charging mode. According to a recent report on the US automotive news website Electrek, Tesla is interested in acquiring Wiferio, a small German wireless charging startup.
In fact, such technologies have been studied for a long time. As early as 2015, China Southern Power Grid Guangxi Electric Power Research Institute took the lead in building the first wireless charging lane for electric vehicles in China, filling the gap in the domestic mobile wireless charging demonstration project.
"The vehicle can charge 60 degrees when driving on the wireless charging lane for one hour, and a large electric bus can be fully charged in three hours." Wu Xiaorui, a wireless energy transmission technology expert from Guangxi Electric Power Research Institute of China Southern Power Grid, said that the project has achieved a comprehensive improvement in power efficiency, with the rated output power reaching 60 kW and the charging efficiency reaching 82.7%, which is at the leading level in the field of mobile wireless charging of electric vehicles in China.
In addition, Japan has started testing roads that provide wireless charging power for electric vehicles, with the goal of having practical technology by 2025. According to media reports, Sweden has also decided to open the world's first permanent electrified road by 2025.
Based on the excellent experience of sensorless charging, the automotive wireless charging market is also a blue ocean. According to a report previously released by global market research firm Markets and Markets, the global electric vehicle wireless charging market size will increase from $16 million in 2020 to $234 million in 2027, with a compound annual growth rate of 46.8%.

The road is obstructed and long
Although electric vehicle wireless charging has many advantages, there are still certain difficulties in scaling up. Due to the high cost of large-scale installation of wireless charging devices and the high maintenance costs in the later stages. Some people believe that this is not a good way to promote electric vehicles.
Zhang Xiaorong pointed out that there are still some difficulties in promoting wireless charging of electric vehicles on a large scale. Firstly, it is too expensive: the infrastructure construction cost of wireless charging roads and charging equipment is high, costing $1 million per kilometer, making it difficult to cover long distances. In addition, maintenance and updates in the later stages also require considerable resources and costs. Secondly, it is too messy: due to the large number of electric vehicles of different brands and models, there are significant differences in charging methods and receiving devices, so unified standards are needed to ensure that wireless charging is compatible with various types of electric vehicles . Thirdly, radiation: Wireless charging systems need to ensure that electromagnetic radiation and other safety hazards during charging are fully considered and controlled to avoid adverse effects on the human body and environment
It is understood that British bus operator FirstBus has considered using wireless charging technology during the process of promoting fleet electrification, but after inspection, it was found that this technology is too expensive, with each ground charging board supplier quoting £ 70000. For the currently launched road wireless charging, the cost is higher and it is difficult to cover a large area.
Bo Wenxi also pointed out that the cost of wireless charging devices is relatively high, requiring the installation of special electromagnetic induction coils or electromagnetic radiation equipment on the road, which requires a large amount of investment. In addition, the maintenance cost of wireless charging devices is also high, requiring regular maintenance and normal operation of the equipment. Due to the need for wireless charging devices to match the batteries of electric vehicles, different models of electric vehicles may require different charging devices, which also increases the difficulty of promotion.
Bo Wenxi believes that if we want to promote wireless charging in automobiles, we need to overcome cost and maintenance issues, and solve the compatibility of different models of electric vehicles in order to achieve large-scale application of wireless charging.