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新能源汽车电池的两个重要问题：衰减和脱保。从2016年起，我国新能源汽车电池等核心部件按规定实施8年或12万公里质保期。到今年，首批8年质保的新能源汽车电池，正陆续进入“脱保期”。这些新能源车的动力电池，还能用吗？过了质保期，该换电池还是换车？一起来关注。新能源汽车动力电池寿命到底有多长？不少在2016年前后购买新能源汽车的车主反映，他们都遇到了动力电池衰减明显的情况。那么，新能源汽车的动力电池的寿命到底有多长？据不完全统计，目前大多数新能源乘用车的动力电池在正常使用条件下，可以使用8到10年左右的时间。但在实际使用过程中，因不同生产厂家、不同车型的电池，寿命表现差异较大，使用周期里程范围从10万公里至30万公里不等。

专家指出，电池的寿命主要受充放电循环次数的影响，不同的电池类型电池寿命也有所不同。动力电池的寿命包含循环寿命和日历寿命两个部分，根据目前行业主流的技术分析，磷酸铁锂的电池循环寿命可以达到3000次左右，三元锂电池的循环寿命也可以达到2000次以上。中国汽车工程研究院高级专家 赵志伟：这个3000次和2000次并不是说我们的电池已经完全不能够使用，它是指达到3000次和2000次时，我们的电池容量达到初始容量的80%，它还可以继续使用，只不过从电动汽车一个续驶里程上我们会感觉相对明显的一个缩水。那么按照每周进行1—2次充电一个使用频率，同时考虑电池一个日历寿命，动力电池使用8—10年是没有问题的。动力电池过了8年还能不能用？业内人士表示，要求车企对电池实施8年或12万公里质保期，是基于当时的新能源汽车发展状况。那么动力电池过了8年，还能不能用，还能用多久？

对此，业内人士表示，电池的寿命，除了它本身的品质，还取决于用户的使用情况。究竟该如何处理呢？专业人士也给出了建议。宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司国内乘用车事业部技术总工 雷万波：建议是只能到了8年之后，去找一些专业的机构对整车包括电池做一个健康度的检测，然后基于检测的结果，大概有三种去向。第一个就是电池如果它的工况比较好，健康度还是比较高，它还可以继续在车上使用；第二点，可能它达不到在整车上使用的标准，但是它还有利用价值，可以选择回收，让电池进入梯次利用的场景；第三，可能真的是没有什么利用价值了，选择电池回收，材料的回收再利用。

更换电池价格高 能不能维修呢？动力电池作为新能源汽车的核心部件，其成本普遍占到新能源整车的20%以上，因此对于使用年限较长的电池，更换起来成本较高。那能不能维修呢？业内人士表示，维修也存在风险。二手车鉴定师 肖程：电池拆开之后再维修的话，密封性是肯定没有原装的好，它得重新打胶，重新再把它密封回去的，生产线出来的跟你在后面手工做的，它肯定不一样的，，而且拆过的电池组它要匹配的，它如果不匹配的话，后面出问题的概率就会更大，修过来之后可能电压就会经常容易不稳。新能源汽车二手市场行情怎么样？面临质保到期，可能还有不少新能源车主会考虑换车。然而，新能源汽车在二手市场的行情怎么样呢？来看记者的走访报道。在广州的这家二手车交易市场，记者了解到，目前市场上不少消费者对二手新能源汽车比较感兴趣，但是新能源汽车的电池健康状态直接影响着二手新能源汽车的售价。比如新能源车使用5年以上，电池衰减情况比较明显，续航里程大幅缩短，在二手车市场的售价也会大幅下降，使用七、八年的新能源车只能达到新车价的两、三成左右，价格低还不好卖，市场行情不好。由于担心电池损耗问题，不少消费者均表示只会考虑购买三到五年之内的二手新能源车。如何保障新能源汽车消费者权益？对于首批新能源汽车车主，究竟该换车还是换电池？部分新能源汽车4S店建议，因为电池更换维修费用比较高，建议这批“脱保期”的车，进行以旧换新可能更划算。

面对动力电池问题，汽车行业应该如何更好地保障新能源汽车消费者的权益呢？中国汽车流通协会副会长 王都：我们认为应该由动力电池企业、主机厂、第三方检测机构和维修企业共同地搭建一个新能源动力电池售后服务体系，这个体系能够保证消费者知情权，能够让消费者在明明白白的情况下消费，这样才能促进新能源汽车的健康发展。记者同时注意到，延长质保期也是不少厂家的新策略。今年以来，多家新能源汽车生产厂家开始普及“三电系统终身质保”服务，并将质保政策门槛降低。新能源生产企业推出了无限期的电池保障，包括电机和电控系统等的终身保修。此外，也有生产厂家通过与第三方维修连锁品牌合作，进一步提升新能源汽车的售后服务水平。

新能源汽车能实现“车电同寿”吗？随着科技的突破，目前新能源汽车动力电池在能量密度、充电速度、循环寿命等多方面都有显著的提升。未来，新能源汽车能实现“车电同寿”吗？北方工业大学汽车产业创新研究中心研究员 张翔：“车电同寿”少数车企做了这方面的宣传，宣传的循环次数它是一种理论上的循环次数，车在使用过程中会经历各种工况的考验，时间长了以后，电池的寿命就会衰减，这个是无法避免的。目前主流的电池技术还是液态电解液的锂离子电池，技术水平还没办法保证“车电同寿”。

有些车企在宣传固态电池这种新技术，包括钠离子电池，现在技术都不成熟，没有大规模应用。

CCTV News: Focus on the truth and ask questions to the end.

There are two important issues with new energy vehicle batteries: attenuation and deprotection. Since 2016, China has implemented an 8-year or 120000 kilometer warranty period for core components such as new energy vehicle batteries in accordance with regulations. By this year, the first batch of new energy vehicle batteries with an 8-year warranty are gradually entering the "release period". Can the power batteries of these new energy vehicles still be used? Should I replace the battery or the car after the warranty period has expired? Let's pay attention together. How long is the lifespan of the power battery for new energy vehicles? Many car owners who purchased new energy vehicles around 2016 have reported experiencing significant battery degradation. So, how long is the lifespan of the power battery for new energy vehicles? According to incomplete statistics, the power batteries of most new energy passenger vehicles can last for about 8 to 10 years under normal usage conditions. However, in actual use, the lifespan of batteries varies greatly depending on different manufacturers and vehicle models, with a range of usage cycle mileage from 100000 kilometers to 300000 kilometers.

Experts point out that the lifespan of a battery is mainly affected by the number of charge and discharge cycles, and the lifespan of different types of batteries also varies. The lifespan of power batteries includes two parts: cycle life and calendar life. According to the current mainstream technology analysis in the industry, the cycle life of lithium iron phosphate batteries can reach about 3000 times, and the cycle life of ternary lithium batteries can also reach more than 2000 times. Zhao Zhiwei, Senior Expert at China Automotive Engineering Research Institute: The 3000 and 2000 cycles do not mean that our battery is completely unusable. It means that when we reach the 3000 and 2000 cycles, our battery capacity reaches 80% of the initial capacity, and it can still be used. However, we will feel a relatively significant decrease in the driving range of electric vehicles. So, according to a usage frequency of 1-2 charges per week, while considering the battery's calendar life, it is not a problem to use the power battery for 8-10 years. Can the power battery still be used after 8 years? Industry insiders say that requiring car companies to implement an 8-year or 120000 kilometer warranty period for batteries is based on the development status of new energy vehicles at that time. So after 8 years, can the power battery still be used and for how long?

Industry insiders say that the lifespan of a battery depends not only on its own quality, but also on the user's usage. How should we handle it? Professionals have also provided suggestions. Lei Wanbo, Chief Technical Engineer of the Domestic Passenger Vehicle Division of Ningde Times New Energy Technology Co., Ltd.: It is recommended that only after 8 years, professional institutions should be found to conduct a health test on the entire vehicle, including the battery. Based on the test results, there are approximately three directions. The first is that if the battery is in good working condition and has a high level of health, it can still be used in the car; The second point is that it may not meet the standards for use in the entire vehicle, but it still has practical value and can be recycled to allow the battery to enter the scenario of cascading utilization; Thirdly, there may really be no practical value left, so choose battery recycling and material recycling for reuse.

Is replacing the battery expensive and cannot be repaired? As the core component of new energy vehicles, the cost of power batteries generally accounts for more than 20% of the total cost of new energy vehicles. Therefore, for batteries with a long service life, the cost of replacement is relatively high. Can it be repaired? Industry insiders say that maintenance also carries risks. Used car appraiser Xiao Cheng: If the battery is disassembled and repaired, the sealing is definitely not as good as the original one. It needs to be re glued and resealed. The one produced on the production line is definitely different from the one you made by hand later, and the disassembled battery pack needs to be matched. If it is not matched, the probability of problems in the future will be higher. After repair, the voltage may often be unstable. How is the second-hand market for new energy vehicles? Facing the expiration of the warranty, many new energy vehicle owners may consider changing their cars. However, how is the market for new energy vehicles in the second-hand market? Let's take a look at the journalist's visit report. At this second-hand car trading market in Guangzhou, the reporter learned that many consumers are currently interested in second-hand new energy vehicles, but the battery health status of new energy vehicles directly affects the selling price of second-hand new energy vehicles. For example, if a new energy vehicle is used for more than 5 years, the battery degradation is more obvious, the range is significantly reduced, and the selling price in the second-hand car market will also decrease significantly. A new energy vehicle that has been used for seven or eight years can only reach about 20-30% of the new car price, and the price is low, making it difficult to sell and the market situation is not good. Due to concerns about battery loss, many consumers have expressed that they will only consider purchasing second-hand new energy vehicles within three to five years. How to protect the rights and interests of consumers of new energy vehicles? Should the first batch of new energy vehicle owners replace their vehicles or batteries? Some new energy vehicle 4S stores suggest that due to the high cost of battery replacement and repair, it may be more cost-effective to trade in old cars for new ones for these "out of warranty" vehicles.

How can the automotive industry better protect the rights and interests of new energy vehicle consumers in the face of power battery issues? Wang Du, Vice President of China Automobile Dealers Association: We believe that a new energy power battery after-sales service system should be jointly established by power battery companies, OEMs, third-party testing institutions, and maintenance companies. This system can ensure consumers' right to know and enable them to consume in a clear and transparent manner, thus promoting the healthy development of new energy vehicles. The reporter also noticed that extending the warranty period is a new strategy for many manufacturers. Since the beginning of this year, several new energy vehicle manufacturers have started to popularize the "three electric system lifetime warranty" service and lower the threshold for warranty policies. New energy production enterprises have launched indefinite battery protection, including lifetime warranty for motors and electronic control systems. In addition, some manufacturers have further improved the after-sales service level of new energy vehicles by cooperating with third-party repair chain brands.

Can new energy vehicles achieve 'vehicle electric life'? With the breakthrough of technology, there have been significant improvements in energy density, charging speed, cycle life, and other aspects of new energy vehicle power batteries. In the future, can new energy vehicles achieve the concept of "vehicle electric life"? Zhang Xiang, a researcher at the Automotive Industry Innovation Research Center of North China University of Technology, said: "A few car companies have promoted the concept of 'car electric life'. The number of cycles promoted is a theoretical number of cycles, and cars will experience various working conditions during use. Over time, the battery life will decline, which is unavoidable. At present, the mainstream battery technology is still lithium-ion batteries with liquid electrolytes, and the technological level cannot guarantee the "same lifespan of car and electric vehicles".

Some car companies are promoting the new technology of solid-state batteries, including sodium ion batteries, which are currently immature and not widely used.